The Evaporation Pyramid: Top, Heart, and Base Notes
Formulating natural perfume requires balancing three distinct evaporation tiers without synthetic fixatives. High-volatility top notes (monoterpenes like bergapten-free bergamot, pink pepper, and sweet orange; vaporizing within 15–30 minutes) transition into complex heart notes (oxygenated monoterpenes like French lavender, Bulgarian damask rose, and neroli; lasting 2–4 hours). The dry-down is anchored by dense base notes (sesquiterpenes and resins like Haitian vetiver, Himalayan cedarwood, and frankincense; lasting 6–12+ hours).